Occlusion is a monocular depth cue that uses an object to cover another object thus demonstrating that the object doing the covering is closer to the viewer. Occlusion is one of the most common monocular depth cues.
Size difference is another common monocular depth cue. Just like with our real version size difference occurs when the closer to an object the user is the larger it appears.
Atmospheric perspective is a more artificial monocular depth cue. While it does occur in the real world it is often exagerated in digital environments for effect. As in this case. Unless you were severely nearsighted (which I happen to be), palm trees less than a hundred feet away probably wouldn't be blurry due to the atmosphere. Still it is a simple easy to recognize signal of distance.
You will recognize texture density if you've ever flown on an airplane over Kansas. The entire state is farms and they interlock to form the world's largest looking tile. This is due to the different crops being different colors (corn vs. wheat etc). Anyhow the ones underneath your flight show a very clear pattern but as you look further away they all blur together.
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